9 Creative Ideas for Teaching Time

Teaching time can be tricky and frustrating at times, but hands-on and lots of practice will help the concept stick. Judy clocks are excellent clocks for kids to use since the hour hand moves when the minute hand goes around, just like the real thing. The following ideas are from homeschoolers, teachers, and others who submitted creative teaching strategies on an online forum Make a Clock For telling time, you could make a clock, using strong paper and a brad in the middle, and practice telling time. Start with the oclock times, then move on to 30s. After that, show that the numbers around the face have the minute value which is reached when you count by 5s, and practice telling time with the minute hand on the numbers. (Make sure you progress the hour hand as you go. They need to get used to the idea that at 4:55, the hour hand will look like its on the 5.) –Anachan Start with Hours For telling time, we made a clock out of a paper plate and used a paper fastener to attach to construction paper hands. You can move the hands to demonstrate different times. I started with teaching hours (9 oclock, 10 oclock, etc.), then did quarter and half hours, and finally minute increments. –chaimsmo1 Start Later I didnt introduce time and money until toward the end of 1st grade. Its easier to understand quarter-past and half past once you have covered fractions. Of course, we talk about time and money in our daily life long before the end of first grade. –RippleRiver Telling Time Job I always ask her to provide me the time. It is just one of her jobs. It is also her job to adjust the thermostat. She will read me the numbers and I will tell her what to change it to or how many to change it by, etc. –FlattSpurAcademy Count by 5s on Watch For my son, since hed learned how to count by 5s, I taught him to count by 5s on his watch. He picked this up really well. We did have a little adjusting to do with the times that were near the next hour because it always looks like the next hour, but he learned to really pay attention to where the little hand was (just before the next number, etc.). To me, I find it confusing (and a waste) to show a breakdown of hour, half-hour, learn that, then break it down more... the same time could be spent learning the count by 5s. I havent taught him how to count by exact number yet (12:02 example), but will be doing that this year. –AprilDaisy1 Time Story Problems Personally, I wouldnt start with money and time until she has mastered counting by 5s and 10s. This way, it will become very easy for her to understand the principles in figuring out the time and amount of change, etc. My son only knew the value of coins and telling time by oclock and half-past in kindergarten. Now, he is able to make change, count change, and tell time. He is now learning how to figure out time sentence problems (e.g., How much time did it take, etc.) and he is starting 2nd grade. However, while in kindergarten and 1st grade, he was able to add and subtract very large numbers and carry-over, etc. So, dont be surprised if your child is not ready for this—especially if he/she cannot count by 5s and 10s first. –Kelhyder Teach it as it Happens Well, I have a kindergartener and were working on time and money right now. He actually is really good at time because we teach time as it happens. He realizes that his favorite show comes on at 4:00 pm, he knows that his friends come home from school at about 3:00 pm, etc. He learns because he asks. Also, when he went to visit my parents this summer, they bought him an analog watch and taught him how to tell time on it. Hes not perfect at it, but he can get it down to the hour now. But yes, time is definitely better taught as it happens. Thats also how I learned analog time when I was a kid. –Erin The Shiny Pocket Watch To teach my son to tell time, once he understood the basics, we went to a store and he picked out a pocket watch that caught his eye. I told him it was up to him to make sure we always knew the time. He was excited to have any excuse to pull out that shiny watch and use it. It reinforced his time telling skills and now every time he sees it, he can remember that special time we spent together. –Misty Name the Hands I realized it is helpful if you give the names to the following hand: Second hand Second hand (keep it the same)Big hand Minute HandSmall hand Name Hand You can explain now or later that its not really called the name hand, but it will make it easier to learn for now. Start off by teaching the time at the top of the hours. Put the clock at 3:00 and ask what number does the name hand point to? When he says, 3, say that means its 3 oclock. Next, change it to 4. Now what time does the name hand point to? etc. Mix it up after a few times. Once the child seems to understand that, ask him or her to make a time and tell you what it is. If they go to something other than an oclock, (like 3:20), feel free to tell them what time that is, but say that the big hand has to be facing up for it to be three oclock. Explain youll learn the rest of it another day (or teach it to them later after they have mastered the oclock part. Every child will be different.) –Matt Bronsil

Bilingual Education The Problems - 1695 Words

Introduction Bilingual education is a highly-debated subject in America and in many other countries. Many people are quick to point out problems produced by bilingual education. In my opinion, the benefits of bilingual education outweigh the problems. In this paper, I will discuss some benefits, problems, and solutions to these problems while also advocating the importance of bilingual education. Benefits of Bilingual Education There are many benefits to bilingual education. Most benefits will help students, but some benefits will better society. Bilingual education will help students with development, performance, and assimilation, while also helping society accept diversity. In my opinion, the benefits gained from bilingual education†¦show more content†¦377). Garcia agrees by stating that using an additive approach to language in schools produces good effects on cognition (2011). Bilingual education seems to be good for the mind in many ways. Bilingual education also helps students by providing a safe space to transition into another culture. Some students are forced to be immersed into a culture they know nothing about. By providing a bilingual education students can have a more comfortable transition. Students will be able to keep a part of their home culture, their language, but also learn more about the host culture they are in. Bilingual education, in this regard, will also alleviate culture shock, stress, and anxiety. Bilingual education can also help maintain existing cultures and languages in the midst of global change. Garcia states that the value of bilingual education is important in a changing world because children (and adults) are learning different languages for economic and sociocultural reasons (2011). This reality became true for Papua New Guinea. In Papua New Guinea, education slowly evolved into a bilingual education (Malone, 2011). Malone suggests that a bilingual education was needed for Papua New Guinea because they have many different mother tongues and use English as a lingua franca (2011). They wanted students to learn some of the mother tongueShow MoreRelatedBilingual Education System in China Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pagesin today’s world that bilingual education is becoming one of the most significant issues in the sphere of global education. In comparison with the status of bilingual education (BE) in China, a great deal more is known about its development in coun tries of Europe and North America (Feng 2007, vii). However, BE in China has a lot of varieties determined with the educational context of students and the diversity of languages spoken in regions. But what is bilingual education in the context of ChinaRead MoreHunger of Memory Essay595 Words   |  3 PagesRichard Rodriguez situates his individual experiences with education in such a way as to expose what he sees as the fallacious logic behind bilingual education and affirmative action. He uses arguments to propagate the systematic problems with such programs. His autobiography explains in great detail the entangling problems all American children face by instituting bilingual programs and affirmative action endorsements. Bilingual education offers a completely different world for students of differentRead MoreBilingual Education Should Be Repealed For The Most Part Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish-only education. Schools in California can now use many different programs, including bilingual education (Ballotpedia). This is important because it shows that people are beginning to pay more attention to the facts surrounding bilingual education. 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Whatever the argument is, bilingual education should be prioritizedRead More The Effects of Transitional Bilingual Education On Elementary Level Minority Students1670 Words   |  7 Pagesof Transitional Bilingual Education On Elementary Level Minority Students Bilingual Education has been an increasingly controversial subject throughout education systems in America. The growing numbers of bilingual students in the country have provided much debate regarding the most effective way of instructing these students in traditional American schools. Perhaps one of the newest and fastest growing methods throughout the country has become transitional bilingual education, a program whichRead MoreEssay on Against Bilingual Education752 Words   |  4 PagesMary Ann Carrillo What is bilingual education? Bilingual education is a term that describes the different kind of educational program such as English as a Second Language. This program is taught in their native language. â€Å"For example, young children might be taught to read in their native language of Spanish; they are transitioned to English-only instruction when their English is proficient enough to ensure success.† (http://www.suite101.com/content/bilingual-education-programs-pros-and-cons-a227708)Read MoreEssay on A Language Barrier1247 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage Barrier From my experience, bilingual education was a disadvantage during my childhood. At the age of twelve, I was introduced into a bilingual classroom for the first time. The crowded classroom was a combination of seventh and eighth grade Spanish-speaking students, who ranged from the ages of twelve to fifteen. The idea of bilingual education was to help students who weren’t fluent in the English language. The main focus of bilingual education was to teach English and, at the sameRead MoreRichard Rodriguez s Hunger Of Memory1740 Words   |  7 Pagesthat bilingual education, in which non-English speaking students are taught English language courses together with other subjects in their native language, is beneficial. By basically being thrown into a foreign world of words, Rodriguez tells of the initial difficulties he faced to learn a new language. Born in 1944, he was in school before any bilingual education policies were being enforced in the United States. Miami had the first public school to introduce it, but the Bilingual Education ActRead MoreNelson Mandela and The Afrikan Languages1041 Words   |  5 PagesDifferent races mean diversity in cultures, and languages. For non-English speaking, it poses a big problem. Not being able to communicate using the English language is preventing immigrants to find a better paying job, which in the first place is one of the reasons why they moved to the US. Not only that, but children that are not yet proficient in English are falling behind in school. This is where Bilingual, and English immersion programs comes in. But which one is more effective? Through the yearsRead MoreBilingual Education Should Be Banned1739 Words   |  7 PagesIs bilingual education a success or should it be terminated? Many people argue that bilingual education should be banned however; others argue that it shouldn’t. According toâ€Å"A Challenge of Educators† over â€Å"five million immigrant children are enrolled in the public schools and the number is steadily rising† (Parrillo,2001,pg.1).The United State is a diverse country that is well known for its approach to multiculturalism. Due to multiculturalism and immigration, people speak different languages which

Financial and non Financial Assets

Question: Describe about the Consumerism, values and environmental friendliness in Business? Answer: Introduction Given that consumerism, values and environmental friendliness in Business has been an accepted by-line now, the current report endeavours to broaden the conceptualisation and its practice in general and specific. This covers critical analysis of a case of Bangladesh based company in terms of its environment friendliness and regulations issues so as to improve business practices to prevent recurrence of danger events. Other part of the report critically research on a company the HSBC to find evidences on how this operate ethically, taking into account the approach to consumerism, values and environmental friendliness. The concepts each about consumerism, values and environmental friendliness has been illustrated by giving the example of exact program of the bank, how the consumerism is not only taken in perception but also by practice; what are the values the company maintains; and the programs adhere to the environmental standards and achieve improvements for society at large. Case analysis: Discuss the ways in which companies, like the ones mentioned in the extract above, that sourced clothes from the Rana Plaza can help improve business practices to prevent recurrence of events of this nature. By going through a given case, a detailed critique would answerthe most important question on the ways in which companies, like the ones in the Rana Plaza building in Savar, Bangladesh, can help improve business practices to prevent recurrence of fire events as following. The company along the help from otherMNCsshould try to work out specific strategy to improve safety of the factory and the country level bodies should properly regulate garment industries through clear laws. Seeing through a broader view of environmental safety for the workers and the organization as whole, the company must ensure improvement in working conditions in its offices, factory and ware house. Help and cooperation should also be extended by similar other companies as their sources are similar. Overall, the critique of this case provides rationale on how the company should operate ethically, taking into account its approach towards consumerism, values and environmental friendliness in a holistic way. The concepts each about consumerism, values and environmental friendliness must need to be followed with specific programs in maintaining the consumerism both at perception as well as practice level; also how the values are maintained by the company; and last but not the least, all the works adhere to existing environmental standards and bring about improvements for society at large. Overview analysis In order to research on a company in terms of their ethical operation, approach to consumerism, values and environmental friendliness, the HSBC bank (Hongkong-Shanghai Banking Corpn.) is chosen as an example. The bank is anindustry leader in its own sector and overall category hence is worthy for such an analysis. This can provide a case for understanding the importance of consumerism, values and environmental friendliness and at the same time help readers to get to know possible factors behind such behaviour of a company being so successful. The HSBC forms a large chain in banking company with branches existing in a number of countries of the globe. The reasons behind the success of the bank are manifold, such as their consumerism, values and environmental friendliness in a way that consumers can securely as well as profitably keep their monetary resources, due to banks local and global level existence, smoothness in the transactions as well as personal level client relationships. This bank has more than 4000 branches in the US, 2000 in the Europe and 1000 branches in the Asia Pacific countries. For its localized and the need based service like the e-commerce, the OTC as well as the online based international transactions emerged across time, the HSBC bank has really achieved status of the industrial leader all across. As new developments for helping businesses with banking principles, the HSBC has taken over and developed the business-corporatetype of international banking. The consumerism of the company is clearly reflected by the fact that the environment in HSBC is always consumer centric, vision-oriented as well as competitive in nature. It also maintains society development perspectives through environmental friendliness along with corporate social responsibility (Deal and Kennedy, 1982). In year 2005, the bank achieved a zero carbon status in its infrastructures across operations. Thus HSBC has created a specific policy for minimizing environmental degradations. Major programs regarding saving through sports activities among children are funded the bank as part of its policy on environment. In HSBC, the organizational culture encompass the formal type of rules, shared kind of values and a collective responsibilities for their workers, consumers and shareholders at one hand, and in other hand the nations and communities in which the organization operates (Javidan et al. 2005). It explicitly maintains many corporate social responsibilities as part of the consumerism and business ethics. The HSBC bank as part of its new initiatives extends various monetary support and facilities to the youths as new volunteer programs. Mainly from LDCs, this chooses students for such program so as to provide them higher education in various subjects such as mathematics, literature, science as well as other development activities. Thisbank contributes significantly towards the employment of local talents through its operation across the world in 86 countries having more than thirty thousand employees. In terms of geographical operation and different functional aspects like industrial financ ing, disaster management, the HSBC bank has achieved sensibly growth. On its approach to consumerism, values and environmental friendliness, HSBC demonstrates clearly local banking requirements of consumers in an open fashion (Lee et al.2010). This includes banks strategy of financial flow for next decade expecting 35 markets to represent 90 per cent of world trade growth and economic development plan for 2050 etc. (www. hsbc.com). Among other routine operations and programs, the HSBC bank has focused on some of the very important aspect of human values. The bank maintains transparency as well as shared value of ethics in providing proper dividends as part of its longer-term savings for shareholders. The bank has worked out effective pension plan of shareholders too. Both these programs significantly contributed to public services of the bank as it pays taxes to the governments. As an international banking major, HSBC Group has operation in 80 countries with robust financial services both commercial as well as merchant banking (referenceforbusiness.com , 2013). The value system of HSBC includes the transparent system of investor relationship, open governance system which earn it prestige as well as reputation globally. The company extends clear and transparent information on credit rating and investor updates. It also observes the investor days every year. This perceives that through a good banking can lead to provision of good products and services as per of consumers need. In this way also the company feels that it manages a better environmental impact (Revell and Chen, 2010). The bank also have a number of sustainability programs such as assessment of sustainability risks, Climate businesses, environment level efficiency, HSBCs Water Programs and Youth education program. The Water Programof HSBC worked in collaboration with other NGOs for long term programs to carry out safe water extensionto sanitation facilities to around 2 million people in South Asian region and Western part of Africa and more than one million persons by the WaterAid . The Climate business approach of the company is formed of the groups dedicated for central as well as regional climate business programs for identifying commercial opportunities by new technologies. HSBCs program on Teams for the Global Bankings Clean Technology Renewability solutionsundertake development projects on clean and renewable energy resources projects and design services -- risk mitigation suggestions, and debt finance, project financing etc.This bank renders suggestions providing the consumers help for addressing various opportunities. The evidence from Centers of Excellence on HSBC Climate Change gives information on climate intelligence useful for its stakeholders across the globe to make informed and clear decision. The bank is rated as the best firm which has integrated the climate change in its program. The youths education program of the company emphasize upon helping the youths reaching their best potential irrespective of the background. Particularly, it invest s on access for life skill, better education and the entrepreneurship development in addition to discover of natural world and culture. As a financial institution this bank can create a significant differences to lives of individuals with a skilled type of workforce and global level presence (www.hsbc.com, 2015).The company commits to money, time as well as resources by making investments in the educational partnerships for enhancing learning of young people and capacity for making a higher contribution. Environmental freindliness of the HSBC caters the activities that affect the current environment more directly by the operation of the physical infrastructure, travel for commercial purpose and also by banks consumers' business. Hence across all offices of the bank and its branches as well as the data center, the company works very hard in reduction of banks use of solid-wastes, energy emission of carbon oxides. The sustainability as concept is built on provision of services in environmentally friendly manner. The bank continuously innovates with suppliers and employees to create better products so the bank can definitely work very efficiently. The companies posses different locations and branched showing new technologies on green-buildings and clearly demonstrate HSBCs commitment towards achievement of highest level of standards in developing environment performance (hsbc.com, 2015). Conclusion Across the discussion in this report it is well accepted that consumerism, values and environmental friendliness are the must for good business. The critical analysis of these concepts in the chosen company The HSBC shows that its work towards consumers in an open manner. The banks strategy of financial flow for the coming decadesfor world trade growth and economic development plan for 2050 and maintenance of transparency and ethics reflect good business ethics. Its transparent system of investor relationship, open governance system has earned it the prestige and reputation globally for the banking organization. The companys provision of clear and transparent information on credit rating and investor updates, the investor days, good banking through good products and services as per of consumers need are a part of these assumptions. Environmental friendliness of the HSBC caters the activities that has impact on the environmental aspect directly by existing physical infrastructure operations, travel for commercial purpose and also by the consumers' business activities. So all across the bank offices so also in its branches, added with data centres, the company works harder in reducing use of banks energy, solid-waste products and emission of carbon dioxide. The sustainability is in built upon provision of services which can be environment friendly. Recommendations Based on the critique of the case and specific company (HSBC) study, some possible recommendations to businesses that source to clothing manufacturers can be worked as follows. The companies with help from MNCs need to design clear-cutstrategy to improve safety of the factory and the federal governments should keep in place a regulatory mechanism for garment industries. The company itself must also ensure improvement in working conditions.The concepts such as consumerism, values and environmental friendliness are considered to be prerequisites for good business. The critical analysis of these in chosen company The HSBC recommends that companied should maintain openness and transparencywithconsumers. Environmental friendlinessof the companies should be followed by practice not only by theory, such as environmental programs for all the stakeholders should be designed. Bibliography 1. Deal T. E. and Kennedy, A. A.1982, Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books 2. Javidan, Mansou; Stahl, Gnter K.;Brodbeck, Felix and Wilderom, Celeste P. M. 2005, Cross-border transfer of knowledge: Cultural lessons from Project GLOBE, Acad ManagePerspect, vol. 19 no.2, pp. 59-76 3. Montgomery, J. 2011, The Role that personality and motivation play in consumer behavior: A case study of HSBC, P-213, in Simons (ed.) Operations Management: A Modern Approach, CRC Press. 4. referenceforbusiness.com 2015, HSBC Holdings,viewed 24 March 2015, https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/35/HSBC-Holdings-plc.html 5. hsbc.com 2015, HSBC: our Strategy, viewed 24 March 2015, https://www.hsbc.com/about-hsbc/our-strategy. 6. hsbc.com 2015, environmental-efficiency, viewed 24 March 2015, https://www.hsbc.com/citizenship/sustainability/environmental-efficiency Tallontire, Anne, Rentsendorj, Erdenechimeg and Blowfield, Mick 2001, Ethical Consumers and Ethical Trade: A Review of Current Literature. Policy Series 12. Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute. 7. org 2015, Fire and death workers: Bangladeshi garment factory raises serious concerns about workers, viewed 24 March 2015, https://www.globalmarch.org/content 8. com 2015, In Chinese Factories, Lost Fingers and Low Pay,viewed 24 March 2015,https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/05/business/worldbusiness/05sweatshop.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 9. Revell, A., Stokes, D. and Chen, H. 2010, Small businesses and the environment: turning over a new leaf?, . Bus. Strat. Env., vol. pp.273288 10. Alsmadia, Sami 2007, Green Marketing and the Concern over the Environment: Measuring Environmental Consciousness of Jordanian Consumers ,Journal of Promotion Management, v 13, no. 3-4, pp. 339-361 11. Lee, Monle,Pant, Anurag,Ali, Abbas 2010, Does the Individualist Consume More? The Interplay of Ethics and Beliefs that Governs Consumerism Across Cultures, Journal of Business Ethics, 93, no. 4, pp. 567-581.

Women in Hip Hop an Example by

Women in Hip Hop: The Evolution of the Female in Rap Music The evolution of the female is rap music has been an interesting journey, and the path is still being paved by the women who participate in the hip hop movement. With increasing intensity, women are moving away from allowing to be illustrated as ornaments and playthings and are using their success in the hip hop market to perpetuate an authentic feminism (Pough, 2002). This feminism speaks to the power of what is means to be a woman on the deepest levels, to be respected as wives and mothers, as professionals, and simply as people wanting to be loved. Although there are still forces out there which desire that women are simply cast as sex objects, women are increasingly resisting the ways in which their meaningful societal contributions are shunned. Bringing colorful soul to the hip hop movement, women are singing more about their deep spiritual needs and desires and less about their superficial beauty. Women are not tolerating being viewed as weak, stupid, or empty shells to be used by men and are aiming to define themselves as worthy and equal human beings with uniquely defining roles as females. It is refreshing to note that women in hip hop are increasingly celebrating what is means to be female, calling attention to the true value of the feminine spirit. Need essay sample on "Women in Hip Hop: The Evolution of the Female in Rap Music" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Ornaments It used to be that women in the rap scene were almost always defined as the cute little sex toy on the arm of a strong yet temporary player. The men sang about how they were able to score and play the women, use them up one by one, and the women sang about how they did not really need men and how they were happy to roam from bed to bed. This kind of dialogue and discourse has been the weakest point of the hip hop scene in regard to the state of the female psyche as well as the state of relationships in general. Women in hip hop were often cast as prostitutes, selling their sex on the free market to whoever was willing to buy (Watkins, 2010). It is important to identify women in the rap scene during their lowest point, in order to better understand how they are progressing. Although there has been intense pressure from the music industry to create a brand which sells, this market drive has often been purely focused on money and not on the best interests of women. However, the nature o f the culture has been changing, in that people want to see and hear female hip hop singers as being able to offer something deeper than only sex. Artists The evolution of the female hip hop star moved from being centered on women as ornaments to being centered on women as artists. Where there was once an emphasis on how a woman looked or moved or allowed herself to be used, there was then an emphasis on how well she could perform, her vocal skills, her ability to harmonize, to dance, to utilize passion and emotionality. Although this transition was not the full transition to a true femininity, women and the people around them became more aware of women as contributing members to the artistic world of music. Women moved determinedly into the hip hop sphere of the music industry with the desire to be recognized as true artists, to somehow disrupt the male dominated industry and declare themselves as powerful musicians (Pough, 2004). Here, the focus was on competing with males and laying the groundwork for being considered competent artists. This phase of the evolution of women in the hip hop industry was geared towards being able to fra me women as being meaningful participants in the industry, in that they could be successful, hold their own, and be just as much of an icon as their male counterparts. Although this movement was important step in the progression of women in the hip hop industry and in the wider culture in general, there was not yet a determined focus to highlight the ways in which women were called through their artistry to sing to the spiritual being, needs, and desires of women. The next step in the process is truly where women in hip hop began to shine, being able to passionately sing about their own feminine psyches and have this female energy be respected as something unique from masculine, yet just as awesome. Women Finally, females in the hip hop movement began to better declare themselves as women, as girlfriends, wives, mothers, and professionals in need of a specific kind of feminine attention, of a certain kind of yin oriented love. Now, there is an increasing amount of women in the hip hop industry who are focused on a gentle kind of self expression, the kind of self expression which seeks true communication with men, a declaration of what it means to be a woman and what she truly needs from a man (Kitwana, 2003). There is a current diffusion of resentment between the sexes and an increasing desire for women to explain through the passion of their music what they think about themselves and what they hope for their relationships, their partnerships, with men. This shift towards true feminism has been the blossoming of women in the hip hop industry, in that they are beginning to truly be honest with themselves. The sadness, anger, disappointment, and bitterness of the past, the ugly shame of sexual exploitation, is falling by the wayside as women are increasingly secure in being truthful about their desire to better love themselves and the men in their lives. When women are able to sing from the heart about issues in their lives which speak directly to their spirits, their love, their sexuality, their professional lives, their relationships, their family members and children, then they are able to vocalize what is truly important about being a woman. Womanhood is then simply a beautiful topic, with all of its complexity and all of its depth. It is refreshing to note that the measure of success for women in the hip hop industry today is a much higher standard than what it was and has been in the past. Conclusion Although there is still much more evolving to be experienced by women in the world of hip hop, the progressive foundation of true feminism has been lovingly laid. Girls and women of future generations can only be blessed by the shift which has occurred for women in the hip hop industry. It has taken quite a few powerful women to find their way along the rough path of the music marketing industry, and this has occurred hand in hand with cultural ideological shifts. There is presently more significance placed on loving relationships, family life, monogamous sexuality, and gently discourse, and these progressions are definitely related to the emergence of true womanhood in the hip hop scene. There is an increasing tendency for women to be confident in speaking about their true needs and desires, without shame, without fear, and she sings about herself, about her life, about her man, with the passionate and intense love of a woman who will not give up her life without a struggle, a woman who is determined to have all of the good things in life, to be respected, loved, and cherished for her feminine qualities. The hip hop industry, and society in general, should take notice of the accomplishments of progressive female hip hop artists, as they help to shape the culture and world in which everyone lives and are changing it for the better. Works Cited Kitwana, B. The hip hop generation: young blacks and the crisis in African American culture. Basic Civitas Books, 2003. Pough, G. Check it while I wreck it: Black womanhood, hip-hop culture, and the public sphere. UPNE, 2004. Pough, G. Love Feminism but Wheres My Hip Hop? Hernandez, D. & Rehman, B. Colonize this!: young women of color on today's feminism. Seal Press, 2002. Watkins, B. Nicki Minaj and The Business of Hip Hop: Where are all the Women? Black Voices, 2010.

Elements of Entrepreneurship Essay Example

Elements of Entrepreneurship Paper One of the most important elements of entrepreneurship is motivation and commitment. Its important to start the right way. You must know who is lending you the funds for your business so that you can stay motivated. You want to make sure that they are a reliable source for the future. You must convince your lender that your company will succeed and be able to pay your loan back In a timely manner. Inform them that you have researched the market and you feel that your business will be valuable. Having the ablest and skills to organize and run the business Is important as well. Having the correct resources and a vision is important in running a business. Trying to persuade people that your business is needed and that in five to ten years ahead, your business will still be on top is important. Making sure that you have planning and organizing skills when establishing a business and having a good administration team to help coordinate all your business needs will be needed. TOMS Shoes Company Is selling their product online and assuring the buyers that a percent will go towards countries that are in need. We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Entrepreneurship specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Entrepreneurship specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Entrepreneurship specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tom Shoes is very smart and organized. They are helping others by selling their products. They are selling quality shoes and giving some of the profits to children that are in need. They are showing great entrepreneurial skills. They are allowing you to view it on their website, make your choice, and pay for the item online. Everyone shops online so this is very helpful. They started off being motivation and making sure that they were helping Giving back to the community for a cause is a great Social responsibility. The company is showing that making a profit is not the most important thing. They are making sure that they are providing for children that are needed in different countries. Donating their time and money to help others is great social responsibility tactics. Giving back in a meaningful way must be a passion of TOMS shoes. Dream Scale is moving from a dream to reality in starting up a business. I would visualize the type of business I would like to start. I would then have a fantasy of what I would like everything to look like short and long term. I know that I would need to start from the bottom. My dreams would be next and are possible to happen. I would then make set in stone plans of my business and get started. My concepts will then play a role in getting the funds, supplies and locations to start up the business. I would then be able to set goals that I would like to achieve with my business in the future. Also, knowing the money and supplies that I have, will make this possible. Making sure that I have a reliable source and reliable helpers would be important in this step. It would then be time to start my business plan. Making sure that everything is order from funds to workers. Makings sure that the company is needed would be important in this step as well. I would apply social responsibility and social entrepreneurship to my business in a positive way. I would be starting up a Obese adolescent Center. I would be providing services for children and teens that will help with their future. I would make sure that we have volunteers that would help with the children as well as licensed physicians, dieticians, and exercise coordinators. Providing free and quality care to children in need would be a great social responsibility. Making sure that children are able to live a healthy lifestyle from childhood to adult is very important in the United States.

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight November2015

Scholarship Spotlight November2015 Every month, we  select some of the best scholarships around and post them here on our blog. When you are ready to apply,  check out our tips on  How to Write a Scholarship Essay. Visit   Essay Lab if youre looking for a writing expert  to review and provide feedback your scholarship or college application essays! Young Writers Award Amount: 1st place $500, 2nd place $250 Eligibility:  Students in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades during the current academic year may enter in one of the following categories: poetry (a group of three poems), fiction (a short story or one-act play), or nonfiction (a personal or academic essay). All entries must be original work and sponsored by a high school teacher. Requirements:  You may  submit online  or by mail (mailed entries must be accompanied by a submission form, available from your English teacher or by  downloading here. They welcome entries from international students- in order to submit online, please enter N/A in place of the CEEB code for your high school. Due Date: November 1, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! Create Real Impact Contest Amount: Up to $1,000 Eligibility:  Ã‚  Contest is open to legal residents of the 50 United States and the District of Columbia between the ages of 14 and 22 years of age. Requirements:  Student must submit an original work (video, music, creative writing, or artwork) showcasing their idea for a solution to the very real problem of reckless and distracted driving. Due Date: November 5, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! I AmScholarship Slam Amount: $1,000 Eligibility:  Scholarship is open to students 25 years of age or younger who are current or former high school students and will attend or is attending college within the United States or its territories. Requirements:  Applicant must submit a poem on â€Å"what makes you†¦ you?† Due Date: November 6, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! Adopt a Veteran Scholarship Amount: Up to $5,000 Eligibility:  Scholarship is open to U.S. citizens of all national backgrounds who are currently studying in the United States or in an American military school out of the country. Applicant must be in 11th or 12th grade. Requirements:  Applicant must find a military veteran they do not know, get to know them and then write an essay about the experience. Due Date: November 15, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here!

Theories about whether or not virtue can be taught Essay - 93

Theories about whether or not virtue can be taught - Essay Example In the Meno, Socrates states that virtuous and wise people are not very good at imparting these qualities to others. For example, while Themistocles, the Athenian statesman and soldier could teach the skills of shooting javelins and standing upright to his son Cleophantus, no one ever stated about Cleophantus that he was virtuous and wise, and this holds true for Pericles and his sons Xanthippus and Paralus; Lysimachus and Aristides, his son; and Thucydides and his sons Stephanus and Melesias. Since there are apparently no teachers of virtue, it was inferred by Socrates that it is not possible to teach virtue; and since it cannot be taught, virtue cannot be translated as a kind of knowledge. Meno questions that if it is not possible to teach virtue, then how could good men exist? Socrates retorts that Meno and he overlooked that it is possible to execute a right action without knowledge. This can be explained in terms of the quality of guidance offered by two men to Larisa, one of wh om has been there whereas the other just knows about the way and has never actually been to Larisa. Of the two, the one who knows the way to Larisa would serve as a good guide, but so would be the other man who has never been to Larisa. If it is believed that truth as a guide is just as good as the man who is aware of that truth, it implies that a correct opinion is no less good a guide for the correct action than knowledge. In this case, Meno wonders what the factors that distinguish knowledge from correct opinion are, and also asks why should knowledge be preferred over correct opinion or vice versa? Socrates addresses these questions by saying that correct opinions can be interpreted as Daedalus’s statues, who was a highly skilled craftsman and mythological architect. The statues of Daedalus needed to be tied to prevent them from running away. Similarly, it is possible to tie down the correct opinions with the reason whereupon they discontinue being correct opinions and  becoming a form of knowledge.  

Ming dynasty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ming dynasty - Research Paper Example Although it also saw a lot of problems and setbacks, the Ming Dynasty is considered to be one of the greatest eras of solidity and affluence in the history of China. Based on historical evidence, although there were other contributing factors to the success of the dynasty, this time of great progress and flourishing of the life in the country can be largely attributed to the effective governance and prudent reforms of its numerous emperors. The Mongols were the ones held power before the formation of the Ming Dynasty. It was the first emperor of the Ming, Emperor Taizu, who led the rebellion against the foreign rulers and overthrew the Mongolian power in China, leaving the locals to rule their own country. Immediately after the establishment of the new empire, he set out to make reforms that changed all aspects of Chinese life for hundreds of years. Also known as the Hongwu Emperor, he began a great feat to reform China and he did so successfully, starting with the revival of the economy. Great efforts were made to improve the yield of the fields and farms, such as the reconstruction of ditches and watercourses, which were managed poorly and disregarded during the previous dynasty. Many neglected lands were also brought back to life by restarting cultivation and agriculture there. Many other agricultural attempts to restore stability and progress in terms of agriculture were made. This included tree-planting programs a ll over the provinces. As a result, the agricultural yield in the entire nation steadily tripled in only less than a decade. (Twichett et al, 264) Hongwu also made these reforms not only to increase the agricultural production of the country, but to also make efforts that would benefit those who were suffering in poverty at the time. In order to allow the peasants to gain opportunities to better their lives, he made many migrate to other areas, and also tried to equalize the distribution of property to many

Leadership and Management in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Leadership and Management in Practice - Essay Example From the experience of nurse managers, the problems with work are problems mostly with people. The primary purpose for studying leadership and management is to learn how to work with people, not only as individuals but also as members of groups, teams, and organizations. Use of nursing leadership and management concepts and skills allows the nurse manager a greater understanding and control of events in work situations (Clark, 1994). In health care we work in many different kinds of teams, many of them multidisciplinary, with many different management arrangements. There are many teams where managerially the team is accountable to one person but individual members each have professional hierarchies of their own. In many of the teams I have worked with there are some members who believe the team exists in order to advise the team leader, and others who perceive it as a decision-making group, with all members having an equal say. When these beliefs coexist in the same group, without being made explicit, then unresolved conflict is inevitable, and typically members will complain about each other (Wenckus, 1995). The scenario which is being dealt in here actually happened in our unit. There are two teams, team A and team B. As of now, there is gross animosity between these two teams to an extent that member of team A has stopped talking to each other and among one another. If several members of team-A are out sick, no one in team B will help team A on work. Team A members have stopped taking telephone messages of any members in team B and team B members would ask the caller to call later if the call is for any one in team A. When members of each team come across each other in the hall, they try to avoid eye contact or if at all they make contacts they will glare at each other. It seems the whole unit is in a state of perennial argument with one another. In many states during the work, the argument is sure to occur when the same piece of

Mechanically agitated fermenters

Mechanically agitated fermenters Abstract Traditional mechanical agitation fermenters have dominated the industry since the antibiotic era as needs changed new fermenter designs were created. As a result air lift agitated fermenters were created and have many merits in comparison to mechanical agitation fermenters. In this essay we will go through both systems merits in regards to mixing, aeration, practicality and energy costs Introduction Agitators are mechanical instruments used to mix substances, Fermentation is an age old art in which organic substances are broken down and reassembled into other substances. Fermenters are large bioreactors in which fermentation occurs, fermenters are the instruments employed to manufacture economically viable biological products. Their basic function is to provide a controlled environment in order to achieve optimal growth and product formation of the particular biological product required. For biotech and pharmaceutical purposes the products from fermentation are microbial cells or biomass, enzymes, and microbial metabolites such as antibiotics and ethanol. The basic desired functional properties of all Fermenters are that they can create gas liquid interfaces without making foam a problem. They should sufficiently hold up dispersed phases and allow reasonable heat transfer. They should also be able to control bulk flow so no dead zones can form. In league with these functional re quirements they should be cheap, robust and have a simple mechanical design additionally they should have low power consumption and be easy to scale up. In this essay we will compare two different types of Fermenters, airlift Fermenters and mechanically agitated Fermenters. Both types of mixers within Fermenters results in the intermingling of two or more dissimilar portions of material resulting in the acquirement of either physical or chemical uniformity in the final product. In industrial fermentation reactions there is a basic requirement of substrate, organism, water and oxygen. Mixing within Fermenters usually causes equilibrium between, rate, purity and production yield. Mechanical agitators are used in traditional Fermenters for mixing they maintain optimum substrate biomass concentration everywhere, keeps solid suspended, disperse oxygen, and allow an upkeep of total bubble surface area and the recycling of air bubbles (figure 1). Mechanically agitated Fermenters Mechanically agitated Fermenters require a relatively high input of energy per unit volume. In these systems a large variety of impeller shapes and sizes are available to produce different flow patterns inside the Fermenter. The use of multiple impellers produces better mixing that works in addition with baffles that are normally used to reduce vortexing. Approximately 70-80% of the volume of stirred reactors is filled with liquid. Foaming may be a problem with this type of Fermenter. Foam breakers, may be necessary. It is better to use mechanical anti foamers over chemical anti foamers because the chemicals often reduce oxygen transfer rate. One of the limits of this system is the use of high speed impellers can damage and even destroy cells. Aspect ratios of these Fermenters vary over a wide range. For aeration to be increased a higher aspect ratio is needed (H/D rates). Increased aeration results in greater contact times between liquid and rising bubbles and produces hydrostatic p ressure at the bottom of the Fermenter. Bubble column /Air Lift Fermenters In these systems aeration and mixing are achieved by gas sparging. Gas is sparged only into the riser. Decreased liquid fluid density and gas accumulation cause the liquid in the riser to mover upwards. Gas disengages at the top of the vessel leaving heavier bubble-free liquid to recirculate through the downcomer. This process needs less energy than mechanical stirring. This mixing, method is used in the production of beer and bakers yeast. The advantages of this method over mechanical agitation are, lack of moving parts, low capital costs satisfactory mass and heat transfer. Air lifted Fermenters produce heterogeneous and homogenous medium flows. In heterogeneous flow, Bubbles and liquids tend to rise up in the center of the column while a corresponding down flow of liquid occurs near the walls. In Homogenous flow, bubbles rise with the same upward velocity with no back-mixing of the gas phase. Foaming may also be a problem with these Fermenters. There are two kinds of air lift Ferm enters internal loop and external loop Fermenters. Mixing is better in external loop Fermenters because the riser and downcomers are further apart in external loop vessels which cause the density difference between fluids in the downcomer and riser to be greater meaning circulation of the liquid vessel is faster due to fewer bubbles being carried to the downcomer. Airlift Fermenter are normally used for the culture of immobilized catalyst and the culture of plant and animal cells because of their low sheer level. Mixing Stirred Fermenters and air lifted Fermenters both offer adequate mixing and mass transfer. However when a large Fermenter is required (50-500M3) for a low viscosity medium air lift vessels may be a better choice due to their advantages. These being they are cheap to install and operate. When scale up is required large mechanical agitators are impractical as the power required to achieve adequate mixing becomes very high. Mechanical agitators are used for high viscosity cultures. Mass transfer rates decline at viscosities greater than 50-100 cP. Mechanical agitation creates much more heat than sparging of compressed gas. This can become a problem when the reaction temperature is high for example when trying to produce single celled proteins from methanol, removal of frictional stirrer heat can be problematic this is where air-lift agitation is preferred. Comparison In brief the conventional, stirred tank bioreactor has dominated the industry since its successful application in the antibiotic era and most fermentation processes today use Fermenters of this type because of this. However due to change in the industry in regards to products in demand. Such as the growth of hydrodomas cell and recombinant DNA technologies of genetically modified cells of plant, microbial and mammalian origin imposed new demands that traditional agitators could not provide at an economically viable level. For this reason new novel Fermenters where designed and put into use. The air lift Fermenter being one of them. The air lift Fermenter has no movable parts or motors the only power requirement comes from the air compressors that provide air through the sparging system. No mechanical agitation occurs, the air bubbles forced through the sparger cause induced turbulent liquid mixing and mass transfer in which mixing rates and aeration rates are coupled together. Their main advantage is low sheer and energy requirement along with aseptic seals not being required around the shaft which makes them highly suitable for producing single celled protein. Additionally in air lift Fermenters mixing is improved by the inclusion of a draught tube to impart a circulation loop which produces a higher oxygen mass coefficient (KLA). The Air lift Fermenters are ideal when there is need for gentle agitation. Whereas the conventional mechanical agitated Fermenters have a broader range of application but they have a poorly defined mixing pattern in comparison to airlift Fermenters. Additionally they cannot be aerated at a high enough rate due to impeller flooding. Practicality wise they have a long life, the mechanical agitation configuration has become too established in processes for new methodologies to replace them. It would be too expensive to do. Aeration To provide aeration into a vessel means to supply or expose the medium to the circulation of air. Airlifted Fermenters provide a much greater aeration than mechanical agitators as gas is constantly pumped into the medium and consequently causes fluid circulation. Aeration within a mechanically agitated Fermenter is controlled by the type of impeller and baffle system. For example Turbines, propellers and paddles are generally used in low viscosity systems and operate at high rotational speed inside the Fermenter. Turbines are normally used for dispersion of gases in liquids. There are many types angled-blade turbines and retreating-blade turbines, the rushton/inclined six blade impeller. Similarly for large vessels with high aspect ratios it is common practice to mount more than one impeller of the same shaft. Baffles are of particular importance as they prevent gross vortexing which is detrimental to mixing/ aeration they are normally fitted on the walls of a vessel. Practicality Depending on the product being produced in the Fermenter and the viscosity of the medium practicality of mechanical and airlift agitators differ. Mechanical agitators are very practical when it comes to mixing highly viscous non Newtonian mediums however the power for this can be very high and subsequently this increases the costs. Additionally the practicality of the Fermenter being used in regards to merits is determined by the type of product being produced, the microbiology of particular cell systems in use coupled with the morphology and nutritional requirements needed for optimal growth. The geometric configuration of the Fermenter play an important role. Effective mixing to minimise temperature, PH concentration gradient are very important particularly with mechanically agitated Fermenters especially when a process is scaled up. Additionally the viscosity of the medium plays an important role, does the medium behave in a Newton or non Newton manner is it a solid or liquid sta te fermentation. The sheering effect of a particular agitation system dictates whether sheer sensitive cells can be cultivated. All of this is taken into account keeping in mind what is best for economic performance. For example large mechanical agitators have better Practical use than air lift agitators for use with the following cell systems, these are immobilised Bacteria, yeast and plant cells and are used for the for the production of products such as ethanol, monoclonal antibodies, growth factors and medicinal products. This is because they can tolerate sheer at a level best for productivity. Resulting in large quantities of moderate quality products with good profit costs. Alternatively air lift agitators are generally used for the cell systems of bacteria yeast and other fungi producing products such as single celled proteins E.G. Quorn, enzymes, secondary metabolites and biosurfactants. This is because they are more economically practical due to them having low sheer values meaning they do not damage the cells, they have much lower running costs and they can produce higher value sheer sensitive GM pr oducts. Furthermore when it comes to scale up with airlifted Fermenters it can be difficult to alter stirring rates making it difficult to deal with important rheological changes and foaming. This is where mechanically agitated Fermenters are favoured. Also air lifted Fermenters are less flexible than mechanically agitated systems as Aeration is responsible for homogenization. Energy use and Cost Mechanical agitators use more energy have moving parts, seals and are more expensive to run than airlift fermenters. The main benefit of air-lift Fermenters over mechanical agitators is that they can be constructed at much greater reactor volumes air-lift Fermenters can be built at volumes of several thousands cubic meters while mechanical operated agitators can be scaled up to a maximum of 800-1500 m3 (Ruitenberg et al 2001) As a consequence of this the investment costs of air-lift Fermenters is significantly lower when compared to mechanically operated agitators of the same capacity. At higher volumes mechanical agitators cause mechanical problems because of the large power requirements of the impeller. Furthermore, scale-up of air-lift Fermenters is much more straight forward than that of mechanical agitated fermenters. Scale-up from a 5 m3 pilot to 1500 m3 and larger is well defined. (Ruitenberg et al 2001) Figure 3 shows the Capital cost comparison of air-lift Fermenters vs. mechanical agitated fermenters. The cost for a mechanically agitated fermenter is defined as 1 for a 1500 m3 tank. The c ost of a 1500 m3 air-lift fermenter is a bit lower than that of the equivalent mechanically agitated fermenter. However, the investment cost follows the 0.6 rule until 6000 m3 is reached. Above 6000 m3, more than one air lift fermenter may need to be used. Another advantage of air-lift fementers over mechanical agitated fermenters is that the oxygen input efficiency is the same or better at considerably lower shear. Additionally Because no moving parts are present in air-lift Fermenters, the costs for maintenance will be lower as compared to mechanically agitated fermenters. The combination of high oxygen input efficiencies and low maintenance costs results in lower operational costs. Shear rates are much lower in air-lift Fermenters than in mechanically agitated fermenters. Low shear rates facilitate growth of biofilms, which can increase the reaction rate. This advantage is thought to be greatest when thermophilic bacteria are used. Because a three-phase settler can be integrated on top of an air-lift fermenter, the solids retention time can be separated from the hydraulic retention time causing biomass retention, (Ruitenberg et al 2001) Conclusion Mechanically agitated Fermenters have been in use since the beginning of the industry however due to changes in demand that comes with time in regards to technology and products needed novel Fermenter ideals were designed and put into fruition the air lift Fermenter is but one. In many ways this air lift agitators have many advantages as was just discussed. References Barker, T. W. and J. T. Worgan (1981). The Application of Air-Lift Fermenters to the Cultivation of Filamentous Fungi. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 13(2): 77-83. Chisti, Y. and U. J. Jauregui-Haza (2002). Oxygen transfer and mixing in mechanically agitated airlift bioreactors. Biochemical Engineering Journal 10(2): 143-153. Fontana, R. C., T. A. Polidoro, et al. (2009). Comparison of stirred tank and airlift bioreactors in the production of polygalacturonases by Aspergillus oryzae. Bioresource Technology 100(19): 4493-4498. Margaritis, A. and J. B. Wallace (1984). Novel Bioreactor Systems and Their Applications. Bio-Technology 2(5): 447-453. Ruitenberg, R., C. E. Schultz, et al. (2001). Bio-oxidation of minerals in air-lift loop bioreactors. International Journal of Mineral Processing 62(1-4): 271-278. Williams, J. A. (2002). Keys to bioreactor selections. Chemical Engineering Progress 98(3): 34-41.

“Little Boy Crying” by Mervyn Morris Essay

In the first stanza, the boy had a tantrum, â€Å"splashing† his â€Å"bare feet† around a puddle. The father doesn’t approve of this, and â€Å"struck(s)† a â€Å"quick slap† across his son’s face. However, the father refuses to show any signs â€Å"of guilt or sorrow† for what he has done. The father is regretful but thinks it is more important for his son’s development that he remains staunch. The boy is waiting for his father to apologise, but his father refuses to give in, because he doesn’t want to give his son the idea that he can get away with more incidents like this. This gives the impression of a boy who knows the effect he has on his father, and waits for signs that he is weakening. The father realises that there is an inner evil in his son which needs controlling. There is frequent use of onomatopoeia such as when he describes his son as an â€Å"ogre†, despite his size. The boy still wants revenge on his parent, believing the latter thinks nothing of him. Since the boy has thoughts of wanting revenge, the punishment viewed in this light seems to be justified. The father hopes in time, his son will â€Å"understand† the need for discipline, and this is expressed through the words â€Å"but dare not ruin the lessons you should learn†. This occasion is also tough for the father because he is hiding his inner core of uncertainty and suffering â€Å"behind that mask†, after â€Å"slapping† the boy. The father is not repent; he is a man who follows absolute values. He doesn’t seem to comprehend that mercy is more powerful than judging to the letter of the law. The use of contrast, such as the boy’s slack behaviour and his father’s firmness, helps add depth to the relationship between the boy and the parent. Other examples of contrast include the boy’s diminutive nature and powerful influence over his father, the vulnerability of his character and cunning, evil and shrewd mind. It is incredible to understand that this three year old possesses such qualities.

Art History Nike of Samothrace

â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† was sculpted in second century AD during the hellenistic culture. This 8ft high sculpture was found on an island called Samothrace, north of the Aegean, and though beautifully carved, the artist is not known. It was discovered at a sanctuary in a harbor that faced the predominate wind. It was as if the wind was blowing directly on the sculpture itself. The Nike was made to act like a figure head on the prow of a ship, and though it never really was on a ship, it was the bow of a stone ship in a temple like building.The â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† is greatly appreciated because of the strong force of motion, and realistic qualities, as well as its symbolic references to the Greek culture. The Greeks period has come a long way when we look at the way the Archaic/Egyptian period and Hellenistic period carved and shaped people. The Archaic and Egyptians sculpted people and clothes flat and simple. Their bodies did not twist very much and were pretty straight. The clothes on the people were basically just lines, or slits in the stone, and was not really realistic.Comparing this to the way the Hellenistic period carved their people, they used a lot of motion and movement. There people twisted in different directions as they would in real life, and their clothes were deeply carved and looked very real. The â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† was carved out of marble, and accurately shows texture in the wings, and the folds in the cloth. The Greek culture had studied and celebrated the body and they used their knowledge to show expressive forces in their art. They used hammers and chisels to create beautiful, realistic flows on the stone, and made it look like it was actually moving.The â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† is a carving beautiful, voluptuous woman in a flowing dress with two large wings out stretched behind her. This statue had lost her head and arms, but is still recognizable as the Nike of victory. Her body movements and intricate detail of her tunic is very dramatic as she seems to walk gracefully in a storm. The Nike was to be on the prow of a ship in the ocean, and that is strongly seen by the movement of her dress. You can practically see the strong winds whipping around her body as her skirt is blown behind and around her.The drapery is very graceful and strong as it is pulled in the direction of her body and one can practically see the energy in her movements. Her body is grounded by her legs as she strides forward. Her abdomen twists slightly as if finding balance in the wind, and her wings are aloft behind her as if she just landed in from a fierce headwind. The sheer chiton that she is wearing clings to her body as if it is wet from a hefty sea spray, billowing in the wind. Her body is proportionate, and accurately depicts the perfect body scale of a Greek goddess.The texture in her wings, and the fabric of her garment are very life-like and pick up light in their deep groves to make it lo ok more dramatic. The artist shows how he is able to carve the female body, portray realistic cloth, and convey victory and power in this statue. It is believable and relatable to the average person because of the stance in the body and the way the a strong wind would really blow around your clothes. The Nike of Victory has been resembled before in Greek art. This goddess represented the victory over war and contests. Therefore, it was shown on Greek coins, temples, and other important objects.The Nike of Victory is seen again in the carving â€Å"Nike Adjusting her Sandal† on the Temple of Athena. This Winged Nike leans down to adjust her sandal as her chiton slid off her shoulder. Similarly to the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace†, the â€Å"Nike Adjusting her Sandal† has large wings to balance her pose and decorative swirls of heavy pleated fabric that clings to her body. She appears to be delicate and light just as the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace†. The Nike of V ictory is seen with wings, intricately carved fabric, and with the scale of the â€Å"perfect body† it shows divinity and creates something that would be desired.She also was the messenger that spreads the news of victory, and that is something that Greeks hold in high regards and were always trying to obtain. The dramatic feel to the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† brings out fierce emotions and give the onlooker the sense of accomplishment and encouragement. It conveys many emotions as it stands tall and strong. It's formate of the â€Å"perfect female body† and the precise folds of the cloth in motion, relates almost exactly to the style of the three goddess on the Parthenon frieze.However, the three goddesses appear to have just woken up from a relaxing sleep. They are calm and quiet and reveal the restful attitude of mellow goddess on Mt. Olympus. When looking at them you feel serene and peaceful, getting the calm feel of life as a god. The â€Å"Nike of Samothr ace† is obviously very different in that aspect. This goddess is ready to go to war as her stance is fierce and ready for anything. The goddess is responding to energy and natural forces whereas the Parthenon frieze goddesses are tranquil, composed, and o not seem to be worrying about much at all. The Statue of â€Å"Laocoon† is a carving of Laocoon and his sons struggling against large sea serpents trying to destroy them. You can clearly see the force of motion being pulled in many different directions. With their legs pushing one way, and their arms pulling another, and then with his head cocked back, you can se the different directions his bare muscles are being strained. This statue is very dynamic and conveys an emotion of urgency and fight, just as the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace† does.The way the Nike's body twists and is not flat and straight, is the same as the dramatic gesture in â€Å"Laocoon†. The Parthenon frieze, â€Å"Laocoon†, â€Å"Ni ke of Samothrace†, and even the â€Å"Nike Adjusting Her Sandal† all show the movement in a body as it would in real life. The way the fabric falls and the twist in the body make the statues feel and look more real and relatable. At this time in Greek culture respect for the gods was immense. They believed the gods were heroes and took sides to help out; obviously you would want to be in the gods favor.When carving the â€Å"Nike of Samothrace†, the artist made her to show the people that the gods were on their side and that they would have victory over their war and conflicts. The Nike was in the same style as all the Greek goddesses would have been, with the ideal body shape, flowing robs, and for the Nike's, large wings. She was placed in a temple to show her importance and divinity and to represent the power that Samothrace wanted to convey. She was carved to look like a real goddess, to bring victory over their sea fair, and to relate to the Greek culture ju st by who she was and who she related too.

aquaducts in rome essays

aquaducts in rome essays In this short paper I will discuss three main subjects. One will be the problem regarding landowners and their responsibility towards aqueduct maintenance. Second, Ill introduce my source of information and give a short summary of it. Third and finally I will discuss and answer some main questions from the textbook asking about the proclamation sent by Emperor Theodosius. The problem was maintenance on the aqueducts. Who was responsible for the upkeep? For those responsible, what were their duties and obligations for the upkeep of the aqueducts? What were the penalties if they didnt do their duties? This was the problem. Emperor Theodosius, of the Roman Empire resolved these questions by his proclamation in 438 A.D. In his proclamation he makes the responsibility of the upkeep and maintenance of the aqueducts to the landowner that the aqueducts pass through. The Emperor goes on to state that because of this extra duties on the landowners shall be exempt from extraordinary burdens (Discovering the Western Past, pg. 15 5th paragraph second line), (Discovering the Western Past, pg. 15. 5th paragraph 2nd line). Since, the landowners were responsible for the upkeep, they were responsible for clearing the aqueduct out when it was clogged of dirt and soot. In addition, they were responsible for keeping trees trimmed away from the aqueducts. If the landowner did not keep up with his duties on the aqueduct the punishment for this was the forfeiture of his lands to the imperial treasury. The textbook Discovering the Western Past, asked many questions ranging from the complexity of the machines to the simple tools that these civilizations had to use. What were the political ramifications of the decisions the emperor made? Why not just hire more people to do the job or even better buy slaves and make them continue to do the upkeep? Well, for a couple of reasons why the emperor didnt hire or buy s...

The Story of an Hour †Literature Essay

The Story of an Hour – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers The Story of an Hour English Essay â€Å"The Story of an hour† was written by Kate Chopin in the late 1800’s. It was about liberation, freedom, and marriage in the late nineteenth century. The character Mrs. Mallard is depicted as a weak and fragile woman who suffers from heart trouble. When Mr. Mallard’s death was made apparent, Mrs. Mallard’s sister tries to break the news to her in a gentle way. Mrs. Mallard’s shock about her husband’s death was dramatic as â€Å"she wept at once with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arm† (Chopin 73). However, as Mrs. Mallard retreats to her room and locks the door she replaces her cries with the feeling of joy. This is an act of freedom for Mrs. Mallard as she lets out the words â€Å"free, free, free,† from her mouth. She is now free from her subservient role she played for her husband and others. This is how she feels throughout the story as she is depicted as a weak individual to someone who just gained a sense of self â€Å"as she looked into the future, a future that she would live for herself†(Chopin 74). It is also apparent as Chopin writes â€Å"And then she opened and spread out her arms; out to them in welcome†. The reaction Mrs. Mallard betrayed was not appalling or viscous but as an act of liberation. This is the way women should feel while there husbands’ are alive, women should not have to wait for a man to die in order to gain some sense of independence. Her feeling was â€Å"there would be no one to live for during those coming years, she would live for herself† (Chopin 74). When Mrs. Mallard discovers her husband is indeed alive, she dies of heart disease. The doctor diagnosed her death as â€Å"a joy that kills†. However, the death of her husband made her realize that she was living for him and not for herself. If Mrs. Mallard had had a strong heart she would have faced her circumstances long ago. Overall, Mrs. Mallard lacked the confidence that would have allowed her own self the awareness of how unhappy she was with her marriage. She should have stood up for her rights as an individual. But in the nineteenth century this was difficult for women who lived in a world where women didn’t have much of a choice but to do as they were told. Clarke, Arlene, and Marlene Clarke. Retellings: A Thematic Literature Anthology. â€Å"The Story of an hour. Kate Chopin†. 2003. 73-75. Research Papers on The Story of an Hour - Literature Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is ArtThe Fifth HorsemanThe Hockey GameThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductQuebec and Canada

Collective Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Collective Security - Essay Example It was to be an organization that would use peaceful negotiation to maintain international peace and security. Moreover, it would be an organization where all member states would be bound by the belief that all acts of "aggression and war are crimes against humanity" (Harney), and nations would therefore consider it their duty to desist from and prevent aggression. After any major conflict, prevention of future conflicts is always high on the agenda. To this end, the "favorite technique is to institute measures of co-operation and consultationwith a view to preventing war by moderating and restraining the free-for-all operation of the international anarchy" (Buzan, 163). Thus the setting up of the League of Nations, [and later the United Nations] was a paradigm shift from a policy of national defence to one of collective security. However, the League of Nations failed to achieve its goal of securing international peace and security, amply proven by the fact that the world was at war again within twenty years of its formation. Nevertheless, the failure of League of Nations cannot be called a failure of the idea of collective security. It was more a failure of political will amongst nations to look beyond their own short-term gains in order to make collective security a workable proposition. According to Meg Harney, "While an excellent idea in theory, the League met with repeated problems simply because the nations had not adapted their foreign policy to change to look after, instead of looking after the interests of the League as a whole working unit". The lack of political will among the bigger nations to implement collective security is evident in the stand taken by the big powers vis--vis the League of Nations. The rejection of the Treaty of Versailles by the US and by extension to the League was almost a 'death blow' to the fledging organization. As a result of domestic political compulsions, US President Woodrow Wilson failed to garner the support of the Senate, which according to the US Constitution is the body responsible for ratification of any treaty. The Senate voted against the Treaty and as a result the US did not become a member of the League of Nations. This left Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan as the main powers in the League of Nations. According to Karl Schmidt, "The majority of the British public supported the ideals of the League, but the British government viewed the League largely with indifference". This was largely due to the fact that men like Lloyd George, Stanley Baldwin and Curzon who dominated the government of the day believed in the 'old diplomacy'. Lloyd George preferred, as per Karl Schmidt, "Diplomacy by conference - where the great powers would meet in a less formal setting to discuss problems - to any such system as the League". Apart from this, the British were also affected by the US defection, as they did not want to shoulder the responsibility of single handedly securing the peace in Europe. France supported the League of Nations less for its idealism and more as a tool for securing its own protection. Ever fearful of an attack from Germany, the French leaders saw no difference between its own national security concerns and the League's collective security elements. Italy on the other hand, viewed the League with a certain amount of skepticism, which turned to dislike once Mussolini came to power,

Systems Analysis Portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Systems Analysis Portfolio - Assignment Example The essence of this system analysis will be to identify the gap that exists between OCI’s current achievement and its industry benchmark. This will be done by the use of a system diagram, which will indicate a hypothetical industry position as against the perceived position that the company wants to reach. After this, the existing gap will be clearly identified from the diagram just as it has been indicated below. From the work of the turnaround team, the current weaknesses of the OCI system are clearly exposed. The first of this is the slow nature of the system currently being operated at the workplace. Meanwhile, where there is a slow system, the entire organizational process tends to be affected negatively. This is because of the relationship between speed and continuous process improvement (CPI). Where there is a system that can be run on a proactively fast pace, efficiency can be sure to be guaranteed (Shook, 2009). The system has also been described as being in a state of subtle cycle of decay. This means that the system has virtually lost its relevance for the current market competition. In such a situation, the resulting consequence is the ineffectiveness of the system, as the system fails to serve the purpose for which it has been implemented. The analysis diagram above gives four major areas of requirement for development. The first of this is client acquisition and project selection. Over here, the issue of proper advertisement for vacancies ought to be emphasized. There is also the requirement for member recruitment, which is currently in a huge gap from industry benchmark. It is important to standardize the recruitment process to always get the best and right materials for the company. This is because the recruitment process is required to be the first step in getting the right client base for the organization. Team dynamics is another requirement for development. Dynamism refers to a situation where

Questions on UML and Project Management Research Paper

Questions on UML and Project Management - Research Paper Example The UML is used to construct, visualize, document, specify and modify the elements of an object oriented system under enhancement.. J. Object Management Group (OMG) is an association of several computer design and system developers. The formation of the OMG targeted the setting of conventional standards for disturbed object oriented systems. Currently, the organization concerns with different aspects of modeling such as business processes, systems and programs. OMG attempts to avert vague standards that cannot be implementable or have never been implemented. Object Management Group also provides other standards basing on modeling principles. Apart from the UML, OMG also involves in other modeling operations. Meta Object Facility (MOF) is another specification employed in OMG. MOF is applicable in the Model-Driven Architecture and combines each development and integration steps of business, architectural and application modeling to enable development, management and transformation. Bu siness Motivation Model (BMM) is also an OMG specification standard. The BMM avails vocabulary for organization’s governance and strategic planning. ... of the UML state machine operation incorporates the organization of a way a device such as a computer program works  in a way that a section or each of its elements is accurately one of the number of probable state at which there are explicitly definitions of conditional conversions between the states. UML state machine initiates the concepts of hierarchy nested states and perpendicular regions, while extending the notion of actions. The state machines depict protocol and behavioral state machines. The behavioral state machines can be utilized in modeling the actions of individual elements while the protocol statecharts are employed to express utilization protocols and identify the legal usage situations of order interfaces and ports. Umbrello UML Modeller Umbrello UML Modeller is a software diagram tool which is present for many platforms such as Unix-like and Microsoft windows. The modeller is versatile and performs well with other computers and programming conditions. Umbrello U ML Modeller tool manages all types of paradigm UML diagrams. The tool can reverse all written codes from different languages such as python, C++, Java, IDL and Ada. Umbello can also reverse the XMI files produced from PHP codes and export to other diverse programming languages. Umbello permits sharing of model components through exportation of Docbook in addition to other XHTML layouts. The distribution assists in amalgamation enhancement attempts in case the team members cannot access the umbello directly. The tool is also critical in situations where the data is to be published in the web. Therefore, Umbrello UML Modeller would be the best for a project team to use in developing an object-oriented information system using UML. Umbrello UML Modeller is more significant because it supports

Spectrophotometry Essay Example for Free

Spectrophotometry Essay Potassium permanganate (KMnO_4) is commonly used as an oxidizing agent and in this experiment, it is used as both the titrant and indicator. A standard of potassium permanganate solution was prepared and computed to be 0. 02235 M and was used to titrate a sulfuric acid solution wherein the sample salt was dissolved. The solution was heated to 90Â °C then titrated until a light pink colored solution was obtained. The experiment focused on determining the percentage of Sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) in the sample and at the end of the experiment it was found to contain 49. 45%. Experiment 9 focuses on determining the different concentrations of potassium permanganate solutions by finding its absorbance through the use of spectrophotometer. Four known concentrations were prepared; 2. 5 x ? 10? ^(-3) M, 6. 25 x ? 10? ^(-4) M, 1. 25 x ? 10? ^(-4) M, 6. 25 x ? 10? ^(-4) M. The solutions were placed on the spectrophotometer to determine absorbance together with the unknown. Distilled water was placed before each trial to ensure the accuracy of results. Determining the concentration of the unknown sample was done by drawing a graph of the concentration against the absorbance and was found to be Introduction Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or transmits light over a certain range of wavelength. This measurement can also be used to measure the amount of a known chemical substance. Spectrophotometry is one of the most useful methods of quantitative analysis in various fields such as chemistry, physics, biochemistry, material and chemical engineering and clinical applications. A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of photons (the intensity of light) absorbed after it passes through sample solution. With the spectrophotometer, the amount of a known chemical substance (concentrations) can also be determined by measuring the intensity of light detected.

Financing the Future Essay -- Essays Papers

Financing the Future The Quest for Educational Equality "So", writes the immortal Dr. Seuss, "be your name Buxaum or Bixby or Bray or Mordecai Ali Van O'Shea, you're off to Great Places! Today is your day! Your mountain is waiting. So†¦get on your way!" Unfortunately, unlike the graduating class this speech was addressed toward, many students in today's urban education system are not of to "Great Places", and will never get the chance to move mountains. These students attempt to learn without textbooks, proper laboratories, or even pencil and paper. The schools are falling apart around these children; in some cases sewage continuously floods the halls, the crumbling roof cannot shut out the weather, and there are even gapping holes in classroom walls. It is definitely not "their day". The problem with our education system finds its roots in funding. We live in a capitalist society where some have the money and others do not. In a poor community, where a family struggles just to put food on the table to feed their kids; the funding necessary to support the schools just is not there. Conversely, in a wealthy community, where the families never go hungry or worry if they will have shelter over their heads, there is a comfortable pool of funds to support their schools. This creates a clear division between the poor schools in urban areas and the wealthier suburban schools. The Wall Street Journal once wrote that "Money doesn't buy better education†¦The evidence can scarcely be clearer" (Kozol 133). They argue that the per-pupil spending has increased, while test scores and other student achievements have remained the stagnant. This conclusion, however, was based on the fact that the spending rate had increased in both urba... ... you will say, 'I don't choose to go there.' With your head full of brains and your shoes full of feet, you're too smart to go down any not-so-good street." Unfortunately, like so many of our improperly educated, it looks like our schooling systems are going down that "no-so-good street" and we must use our "head full of brains" to turn away and fix the inequalities right before our eyes. Works Cited "Addressing Violence in Oklahoma." The Addressing Violence in Oklahoma Coalition. June 1995: pg. 1. Online. Internet. 16 November 1997. Giuliani, Rudolph. "A vision for education". 11 August 1995. "It's Not the Money, It's the Principal." Editorial. TIME 27 October 1997: 92. Kozol, Jonathan. Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1991. Seuss, Dr. Oh, the Places You'll Go! New York: Random House, Inc., 1990

Amazing Doctor for Marketing

Review questions for the midterm exam Topic 1: Introduction to Marketing 1. Define marketing and discuss how it is more than just â€Å"advertising and selling. † 2. Explain why it is important for all departments of an organization—marketing, accounting, finance, operations management, human resources, and so on—to â€Å"think consumer. † Why is it important that even people who are not in marketing understand it? 3. Marketing has been criticized because it â€Å"makes people buy things they don’t really need. † Refute or support this accusation. . What are the five different marketing management orientations? 5. Explain the production, product, selling, and marketing concepts. 6. Explain the societal marketing concept and provide three examples of companies that are practicing social responsibility in their business activities. 7. List the different steps of the marketing process. 8. What are the two important questions the marketing manage r must answer to design a winning marketing strategy? How does the marketing manager go about answering these two questions? 9.Explain what is meant by segmentation and targeting. 10. Define positioning and explain how it is accomplished. 11. Define the concept of marketing mix. 12. Define each of the four Ps. What insights might a firm gain by considering the four Cs rather than the four Ps? 13. What is the difference between the concept of customer (perceived) value and customer lifetime-value? 14. What is the difference between the concept of brand equity and customer equity? 15. Do loyalty cards foster (i. e. , create) brand loyalty in the marketplace?Explain your answer. Topic 2: The marketing environment and Strategic Planning 1. Define the concept of strategic planning and enumerate the steps that lead managers and the firm through the strategic planning process. 2. Describe the elements of a company’s marketing environment and why marketers play a critical role in tra cking environmental trends and spotting opportunities. 3. Explain what is meant by a market-oriented mission statement and discuss the characteristics of effective mission statements. 4. Explain the product/market matrix. 5.Explain what is meant by a business portfolio analysis. Also, name and thoroughly describe a framework (a tool) that can be used to conduct a business portfolio analysis. Topic 3: Marketing Research 1. Contrast between qualitative research and quantitative research. 2. List the different steps of the research process. 3. Explain the role of secondary data in gaining customer insights. Where do marketers obtain secondary data? 4. Compare open-ended and closed-ended questions. When and for what is each type of question useful in marketing research? 5.What is the difference between a Likert scale and a semantic differential scale? Propose a Likert scale to measure the concept of brand loyalty. 6. A marketing researcher should assess the reliability of his findings a nd the validity of his measurements. What is the difference between reliability and validity? Support your answer by giving examples. 7. A manufacturer would like to measure the effects of the colour of the product package (red vs. blue vs. black) on the sales. Would you advise the manufacturer to use ethnography, projective techniques or experimentation? Explain your choice.

Proessionals Responsibility To The Society Essay

Professionals should not restrict their work to their work place only. Instead they should extend it to the community in which they operate. Professionals can be involved in the society in many ways which include education, economic empowerment and creation of international links. Professionals have a wider understanding of the contemporary affairs. This knowledge can be used to educate the society on its civil rights, how to respond to social challenges and enlightening them on the national and international affairs. The society expects the professionals to use their knowledge and understanding of these matters to help them to be better braced to face challenges in the society. Education can be done through seminars, awareness meeting and mobilizations in order to enable the people to live together harmoniously. The society needs awareness in matters of gender parity, respect for religious and racial differences within the community and other social matters as may be violated in the society. Another area of education is how to utilize the natural resources sustainably since ignorance of such a serious matter can cause drastic effects on people. Â  Professionals can also contribute to the economic empowerment of the society through many ways. They can either directly or indirectly take part in activities aimed at developing people economically in the society. They can do this by proving the necessary conducive environment that can enable people in the society to realize their full potential. In empowering people, professionals have the obligation to enlighten the society on the factors of production available to them and how to look for market for their goods. They can also contribute directly by building schools, factories and medical facilities where people in the community can access them easily. Professionals are in a better position, due to their experience and knowledge, to identify talents in the society. Such talents can be developed and promoted in order to enable be people to live to their potentials. Organization of sporting activities and meet people campaigns are some of the activities which can be used to achieve this. At the same time professionals can use their knowledge to provide carrier counseling for students within the community in which they work. This can help them in choosing their carriers hence empowering them economically in future. Â  Professionals can help to link the society with the outside world. Since they have a better understanding of the culture, believes and economic activities of other people, they can enlighten the society not only on how to interact but also areas of interaction that can realize maximum returns out of such interactions. They can be involved in exchange programs in fields of education, business and culture to mention but a few. This can promote international understanding and cooperation among different countries. Â  Journalists are supposed to provide information to the society. However, this can be difficult in societies where the living standards are low. It becomes difficult for people to access the information due to poverty levels. At the same time some in some countries there is lack of freedom to journalists. They are limited on what they can report. While fighting for their rights, they should fight for the rights of the society as well. Â  Teachers on the other hand are supposed to reduce illiteracy level in the society but this is made difficult by the fact that education is expensive in some countries. Cultural reasons also water their efforts to lighten the society through education. Â  Lawyers can be of benefit to the society by promoting civil rights in the society but their work is hindered mostly by cultural and reasons. Some practices which violate human rights are in most cases valued highly by people in the society. Failure to report of injustices committed in the society also contributes to the difficulties the lawyers face in carrying out their responsibility to the society. Â  Reference: 1). www.internews.org/global/gov/default.shtm 2). www.americanpressinstitute.org/pages/resources/2005/07/

Define formalization and mention its advantages and disadvantages for leaders and followers essay

Define formalization and mention its advantages and disadvantages for leaders and followers essay Define formalization and mention its advantages and disadvantages for leaders and followers essay Define formalization and mention its advantages and disadvantages for leaders and followers essayFormalization is the strict organizational structure and set of rules and regulations that determine relationships within the organization. Formalization aims at the establishment of highly formal relationships between the leader and followers based on their professional relations. Formalization does not admit the establishment of close personal relationships, including friendly relations, between the leader and followers. Formalization is a bureaucratic process, in a way, because leaders set clear, concise rules, which the organization and followers have to respect.At first glance, formalization is absolutely positive. At any rate, formalization enhances consistently the leadership because formalization introduces comprehensible and concise rules, which the organization has to follow. More important, the leader becomes the authority and can take decisions that will have consequences for the entire organization, which the leader heads on the ground of the rules established due to the formalization (Madsen Shafritz, 2010). The maintenance of formal relationships between the leader and his/her followers allows the leader to exercise his/her authority to the full extent because there remains little room for personal relations. For example, if a follower violates existing rules, the leader should not just forgive the issue because the follower is his/her friend. Instead, the leader applies the established procedure of punishment or certain sanctions to discourage followers from braking rules of the organization. At the same time, formalization helps to establish clear and comprehensive rules and regulate relationships between the leader and followers effectively without wasting time on the establishment of positive interpersonal relations. Instead, the leader and subordinates just follow established rules and norms.On the other hand, there are disadvantages of formaliz ation because formal leaders bear the full responsibility for their organization. Formalization contributes to the establishment of highly formal relations between the leader and followers. However, such relations are quite challenging for followers because they cannot feel the personal support from the part of the leader. Instead, they feel being a part of the rigid machine, where their relations are highly formalized and there is no room for more personal, friendly relations. In such a way, formalization widens gap between the leader and followers. As a result, formalization makes organizational relations very rigid and highly formal.Formalization raises the problem of the low flexibility of interpersonal relations between the leader and his/her followers. The leader and followers have to operate only within the framework of organizational rules and norms. These rules are essential but they prevent any changes in interpersonal relations, which may be essential, when the leader att empts to motivate followers by providing them with positive feedback, for example, because such motivation is rather informal than formal.Thus, formalization brings not only benefits to the leader and his/her followers but also responsibilities. The formal leader bears the lion share of responsibilities for outcomes of the organizational performance and, therefore, has to come prepared to perform at his/her best all the time.